A total of 38 authors from 15 countries contributed to the. The agricultural extension methods and their applicability to. Agricultural extension manual web version chapter 1. Effective agricultural extension can help farmers identify and overcome production, management and marketing problems by facilitat ing the exchange of technical information. Current extension service models, what works and what does. The basic philosophy of agricultural extension was established in the more highly developed countries over the past century. Evaluation of the ethiopian agricultural extension with particular emphasis on the participatory demonstration and training extension system padetes, ethiopian economic associationethiopian economic policy research institute, addis ababa. However, under extension as a learning paradigm, extension workers must learn from the farmers being served, as well as listen and link to research and markets, in setting extension priorities. However, structural adjustment programmes during the 1980s and 1990s led to a significant decline in the funds available and farmers suffered as a result. It is meant to support and educate agricultural extension workers.
Improving agricultural extension a reference manual oer africa. Pdf improving agricultural extension a reference manual. It is not easy to undertake a normative task such as in trying to compile generic. Stakeholders who provide extension services work to obtain information, skills, and technologies to improve producer livelihoods and strengthen linkages within the agricultural value chain.
Extension and advisory services rural extension services. Rb channelrole of extension in rural development aug. The available improved agriculture technology has the potential of raising the yields of. The haitian population is among the poorest in the world, with over 78 percent living on less than united states u. Handbook for best practices for extension educators agrilinks. If you believe that any material in vtechworks should be removed, please see our policy and procedure for requesting that material be amended or removed. A reference manual alternative models and recent trends in organising agricultural extension. Sep 11, 2011 agricultural extension, or agricultural advisory, is increasingly acknowledged as a strong contributor to agricultural development. Extension provides a critical support service for rural producers meeting the new challenges. This handbook is designed as a reference manual for frontline extension. Paper presented in the south african society for agricultural extension conference held in cape town.
Reducing poverty and social inequalities, the sustainable use of natural resources, and participatory development, are general objectives to which extension policies can make a contribution. Agricultural research and extension for food security. Agriculture extension is the process of transferring the advance agriculture technology to farming community. Many of the underlying notions embedded within the new approach, such as targeting of poor smallholders, promotion of participatory extension methods. The implications for policy makers of harnessing rural radio to improve agricultural extension are also discussed. Sustainable agriculture extension manual part 1 technology development and extension participatory agricultural extension, 2 meetings to raise awareness, 2 institutional survey, 3 wealth ranking, 3 needsassessment survey, 4 learning about local practices, 5 planning, 5 participatory technology development, 5. Willem zijp is senior agricultural extension specialist, rural development department, the world bank. A total of 38 authors from 15 countries contributed to the 23 chapters of this book and thus they provided.
Their primary purpose was to create a bridge between research, extension. Approaches to agricultural extension delivery the general agricultural extension approach, training and visit approach, farming systems research approach. Agricultural extension is a professional method where professional extension workers are employed. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations.
Their primary purpose was to create a bridge between research, extension, farmers and agribusiness. Evaluating the impact of agricultural extension programmes. Extension farmer linkage committees relcs which were to serve as an interface between the national agricultural research system nars and the national agricultural extension system naes. Creating sustainable agricultural impact for smallholders. The type of service, and the way in which it is provided, is given in two ways extension events planned in advance which form the annual extension plan.
Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and new knowledge to. Role of agricultural extension in the sustainable agricultural development figure 1. The lack of a national framework for extension and advisory services created unnecessary confusion with regard to roles and responsibilities of different stakeholders on service delivery. The agricultural extension methods and their applicability. This chapter introduces daes revised extension approach. An agricultural extension model for developing areas in southern africa. The proportion of agriculture budgets allocated to extension services varies from country to country, for example, from 5% in zambia to 50% in. Researchextensionfarmer linkages committee manual a publication of the council for scientific and industrial research csir and the.
The first edition of such a reference manual was published in 1973, and the second edition in 1984. The role of agricultural extension in the sustainable development of rural areas has not been. The available improved agriculture technology has the potential of raising the yields of agriculture products in the country at least twice or thrice. In order to realize agricultural potential and to increase agricultural yields, indias extension system has experienced major conceptual, structural, and institutional changes since the late 1990s. Generally, agricultural extension can be defined as the delivery of information inputs to farmers.
Introducing a farmers livestock school training approach. Pakistan is an agricultural based economy and about twothird population lives in the rural areas. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the food. The national agricultural extension strategy therefore, aims to contribute in achieving the national and international development goals, such as. Agricultural extension and development my development diary. This guide is written within the context of rural development and agricultural systems to be found in what we refer to as the developing world. All takedown requests will be promptly acknowledged and investigated. Review article study of role of agricultural extension in the.
Contractingout and contractingin approaches in extension services. Action on these conclusions vvould address the key limiting factors of world banksupported agricultural extension projects or components. In africa there is an estimated 1 extension worker per 4,000 farmers, compared with 1 per 200 hundred farmers in developed countries. The main purpose of these extension models is to help modernise agriculture, promote livestock husbandry among the. Elements that contribute in the dissemination of sustainable agricultural development. As the global population climbs to an expected 8,000 million by 2025, today at least 800 million people suffer from chronic hunger. Evaluating the impact of agricultural extension programmes in.
It is nonformal educational process in which emphasis is given on technology transfer. Agricultural research extension and training mutually reinforce each other. Organisational and management structure of the department of agricultural extension chapter 3. Agricultural extension activity is important agrarianpolitical instrument of the state which stimulates the development of agricultural production.
Organisations of the food and agriculture united nations, rome. Reforming the agricultural extension system in india. Agriculture students primarily to understand the rural situations, status of agricultural technologies adopted by farmers, prioritize. Importance of agricultural extension evidence from many countries show that agricultural extension is a propoor public investment. Matf innovative partnerships and approaches dear guest of honour, mrs phoebe odhiambo, grant holders of matf, representatives of the media, ladies and gentlemen, it is a special day today as we as we are about to start the 4th grant holders workshop of the maendeleo agricultural. Agricultural research and extension network paper no. Cost sharing cost recovery approach, commodity specific approach, farmer field schools, convergence of sciences and innovation systems approaches. Guidelines on participatory agricultural extension methodology, may 2003 4 1. Newly formed nations, the rural population of which formerly maintained a subsistence agriculture with limited industry, found it essential to establish a betterbalanced economy.
With special reference to southeast asia by somsala jeerapandh b. Agricultural extension is defined as those who support people engaged in agricultural production through the facilitation of their efforts to progress and find solutions. Reforming the agricultural extension system in india ifpri. The national agricultural statistics service nass is the official federal statistical agency for agriculture. Paem concept paem is an approach how to make good, participatory and farmer lead agricultural extension, and how to make sure that action and learning by doing can take place in farmers field. During the 1960s and 1970s, staterun, statefunded agricultural extension and advisory services played a key role in increasing agricultural productivity. Agricultural extension also known as agricultural advisory services plays a crucial role in boosting agricultural productivity, increasing food security, improving rural livelihoods, and promoting agriculture as an engine of propoor economic growth. Kasetsart university, thailand, 1956 a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in agriculture in the department of agricultural economics we accept this thesis as conforming to the. Poverty, hunger, economic growth, food production, and natural resource degradation are all great challenges in todays world. Dimensions of agricultural extension from the above discussion the following dimensions of agricultural extension can be identified.
Guidelines on participatory agricultural extension. Agricultural extension is the application of scientific research and knowledge to agricultural practices through farmer education. Kasetsart university, thailand, 1956 a thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of master of science in agriculture in the department of. Introduction the rural agricultural work experience rawe is a compulsory course offered in vital semester to b. Agricultural extension service has to be competent in agricultural skills, to communicate efficiently with producers and stimulate them to acquire new knowledge. The terms of reference for the ncc will include the following.
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